📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 62 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  Researchers in building sector have indicated that between 50 to 60 per cent of the total construction input goes into building materials. As a result, there is an urgent need to address the high cost of these products which is said to have slowed down the growth of the building and construction sector in Nigeria. Building materials constitute the largest single input in housing construction. While Adedeji (2010) observed that about sixty (60) per cent of the total housing expenditure goes for the purchase of building materials, Arayela (2015) averred that the cost of building materials constitutes about 65 percent of the construction cost. Ogunsemi (2010) opined that building materials form the main factors that restricts the supply of housing and ascertained that they account for between 50-60 percent of the cost of buildings. Thus, Adedeji (2012) rightly...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 84 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1   Brief Description of Primary Health Care Building Type Primary Health Care (PHC) is driven by a political philosophy that emphasizes a radical change in both the design and content of conventional health care services. It also advocates an approach to health care principles that allow people to receive health care that enables them to lead socially and economically productive lives (Dennil et al. 2015: 2). The Alma-Ata declaration of September 1978 defined the concept of PHC as essential care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable health care methods and technology, made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination. It forms an integral part both...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 75 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from a binder (Portland cement), sand in a ratio of circa 1:8, and water. Sometime other ingredients may be added to reduce the amount of Portland cement such as “pozzolanas and rice husk ash”. Sandcrete is similar but weaker than mortan for which the ratio is 1:5. Sandcrete is usually used as hollow rectangular blocks similar to concrete masonry units, often 45cm (18”) wide, 15cm (5.9”) thick and 30cm (12”) with hollows that run from top to bottom and occupy around one third of the volume of the block. STRENGTH AND USAGE The final compressive strength of sandcrete can be as high as 4.6N/mm2 which is much less than concrete’s 40N/mm2. Sandcrete is unsuitable for load-bearing columns, and is mainly used for walling of a house – making a fence – Septic tank and soak away tank’s – Building a generator’s...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 75 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Residential property management is emerging as a managerial science today (Kyle and Baird, 2015). It transcends beyond the role of rent collector (Li, 2017). Managing a residential property involves establishing goals, objectives and policies and implementation of strategies to achieve those goals and objectives. Singh (2014, 2016) posited that residential property management is an activity that seeks to control interests in property owner and particular purpose for which the property is held. Wong (2015) considers residential property management as the work carried out to manage and maintain the development including its facilities at the level that will retain or enhance the value of the residential property, create a safe, functional and conducive living environment for occupants, keep or restore every facility in efficient working order and in good state...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 85 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Nigerian building and construction industry continue to occupy an important position in the nation’s economy even though it contributes less than the manufacturing or other service industries, (Aibinu and Jagboro, 2012). The contribution of the building and construction industry to national economic growth necessitates improved efficiency in the industry by means of cost effectiveness and timeliness, and would certainly contribute to cost savings for the country as a whole. It is also common knowledge that the implementation of the construction project in the industry is usually accompanied with poor quality delivery and delivery time delay and cost increase as well as owner dissatisfaction (Hafez, 2011). Thus, the efficient use and management of material have an importance influence on a company’s profit and can delay project construction (Abdul­...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 75 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Housing shortage is one of the most serious developmental challenges presently confronting Nigeria. Stakeholders and industry operatives in building technology are unanimous in their opinion that the process of housing delivery in Nigeria needs a change of strategy. In this study, the researcher is examining modern ways that could be explored to meet the nation’s housing deficit which stands around 17million units (Akeju, 2012). Although Nigeria with a population of over 160 million people has been identified as the largest market in Africa for everything, including real estate, growing demand for decent shelter has continued to meet leaner supply of housing units. Over the years, successive governments in the country had tinkered with policies in a bid to achieve its mass housing objective but due to lack of reasonable commitment to it, achieving the goal...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 70 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY  Since independence, the Nigeria government has desperately continued to make concerted effort in the area of quantitative (but not qualitative) supply of mass housing through huge budgetary and policy provisions but, surprisingly, the rate at which existing ones are collapsing calls for an urgent attention. The site of building collapse scattered across the length and breadth of Nigeria is quite alarming that it is unimaginable what effects it will have on the building industry and Nigeria economy as a whole. One could imagine what edifices these buildings would have been if only they were constructed accordingly. It has been reported that Nigeria, especially Lagos State has become the “world’s junk-yard” of collapsed buildings worth billions of naira (Famoroti, 2015). It is quite unimaginable that a county blessed with so great potentials in its construction...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 61 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Housing (Shelter) is unarguably one of the basic necessities of man. It used to be ranked second after food in the hierarchy of man’s needs but according to Ebie (2015) it is the first and most important of all rights. According to him, because of the importance attached to housing and coupled with the fact that housing in all its ramifications is more than mere shelter, then, execution of public sector housing embraces all social services and utilities that go to make a community or neighbourhood a livable environment, this is now a right in Nigeria. This position is reinforced by section 16(1)(d) of 2015 constitution under the Fundamental Objectives of State Policy which compels the Nigerian State “to provide suitable and adequate shelter for all citizens” Even though this provision is not actionable, it reinforces the call for public sector driven mass housing...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 75 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The population of Lagos is at present in excess of 18 million. A megacity status is conferred by the United Nations on cities with a population of 10 million and above. Building and preserving a model mega city comes with great challenges. Providing a sufficient amount of infrastructure and other necessities that would accommodate the needs of over 18 million people could be daunting (Ayeni, 2014).  By 2025, officials and population analysts agreed that the number of people in the city and in the surrounding communities, especially, in Ogun State axis, would leap to 30 million. Prominent among the challenges are housing, infrastructure and transportation, particularly in more than 10 local government areas (LGAs) that made up of the state, excluding local council development areas (LCDAs). Besides, the notorious traffic jams, choking pollution, inadequate...

📁 Format: MS WORD | 🗂️ Chapters: 1-5 | 📄 Pages: 75 Download the Full Project CHAPTER ONE  INTRODUCTION  1.1     BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The Advanced Learners Dictionary defines maintenance as the process of protecting or preserving someone or something, or the process of keeping something in good condition. Culture, on the other hand, is a way of life, a lifestyle, customs, traditions, habits that portray the attributes of a person/people. Maintenance culture is an attitude which is sadly lacking in Nigeria, whether in the home, office, school or factory.  Mbamali (2013) added that poor maintenance culture has become a widely recognized problem in Nigeria which has poorly affected the quality of public properties. Public property is property that is dedicated to public use and is a subset of state property. The term may be used either to describe the use to which the property is put, or to describe the character of its ownership (owned collectively by the population of a state). This is...